If you’re looking for the 15 best premium automatic pet water fountains, I’ve found models packed with durable stainless steel, advanced multi-stage filters, and large capacities that suit both small and large pets. Many include smart features like app monitoring and quiet pumps to keep water fresh and pets happy. Proper maintenance and choosing the right size are key. Keep going, and you’ll discover detailed options to help you pick the perfect fountain for your furry friend.
Key Takeaways
- Highlights of top premium pet water fountains with durable stainless steel or BPA-free plastic construction.
- Advanced multi-stage filtration systems that ensure clean, odor-free, and fresh water for pets.
- Large capacities and smart features like app monitoring and quiet operation for multi-pet households.
- Easy maintenance with detachable parts, spill-proof designs, and regular filter replacement tips.
- Benefits and considerations of choosing high-end fountains for optimal pet hydration and health.
Veken Stainless Steel Pet Water Fountain with Filters
If you’re looking for a durable and hygienic water fountain that keeps your pet well-hydrated, the Veken Stainless Steel Pet Water Fountain with Filters is an excellent choice. Its upgraded stainless steel design is strong, easy to clean, and BPA-free, ensuring safety and hygiene. The 95oz capacity reduces frequent refills, making it convenient for busy pet owners. It features a 5-stage filtration system with silver, scale inhibitors, and activated carbon, providing fresh water for up to three weeks. Plus, the LED light improves visibility and spill prevention, making hydration easy and safe for your furry friend.
Best For: pet owners seeking a durable, hygienic, and easy-to-maintain water fountain to keep their pets hydrated and healthy.
Pros:
- Upgraded stainless steel construction is strong, hygienic, and BPA-free for safety and durability.
- Large 95oz capacity reduces the need for frequent refills, ideal for busy owners.
- Advanced 5-stage filtration system ensures fresh, clean water for up to three weeks.
Cons:
- May require softened or filtered water for optimal filtration performance.
- LED light feature might be unnecessary for some users or pets.
- Larger size may take up more space in smaller living environments.
Veken Pet Fountain with Replacement Filters
The Veken Pet Fountain with Replacement Filters stands out as an excellent choice for pet owners seeking a reliable, user-friendly water dispenser that keeps water fresh and appealing. Recognized with the 2023 Pet Innovation Award, it’s made from BPA-free, durable food-grade plastic, with options including stainless steel tops. Its 95oz capacity suits multiple pets, and features like a water-level window, blue LED light, and spill-proof rubberized feet make it easy to use and clean. The 5-stage filtration system guarantees fresh, better-tasting water, while regular filter replacement (every 2-3 weeks) keeps debris and fur out of the water.
Best For: Pet owners seeking an affordable, reliable, and easy-to-maintain water fountain that keeps multiple pets hydrated with fresh, great-tasting water.
Pros:
- Award-winning design with user-friendly features like water-level window and LED light
- 5-stage filtration system ensures clean, odor-free, and better-tasting water
- Large capacity (95oz) suitable for multiple pets and easy to clean and assemble
Cons:
- Some users experience pump failure after several months, especially with hard water
- Mineral deposits and slime buildup may occur without regular cleaning and maintenance
- Hard water can stain or damage the unit, potentially requiring upgrades to stainless steel models
Aqua Flow Premium Pet Water Fountain with Replaceable Filters
Aqua Flow Premium Pet Water Fountain with Replaceable Filters stands out for its large capacity and continuous freshness, making it perfect for pet owners who want hassle-free hydration solutions. Its 52 fl oz tank, extendable to 120 fl oz with a pet bottle, ensures your pet always has access to fresh water. The anti-hair drainage system keeps fur from clogging the system, while activated carbon filters remove impurities, odors, and bad tastes. Easy to maintain, the filters last three months, providing months of worry-free filtration. Plus, the smart USB-powered design protects the pump from damage, guaranteeing quiet, safe, and reliable operation for your furry friend’s daily hydration.
Best For: pet owners seeking a large-capacity, low-maintenance water fountain to keep their small to medium-sized pets and felines well-hydrated with fresh, clean water.
Pros:
- Large water capacity of 52 fl oz, expandable to 120 fl oz with a pet bottle for continuous hydration.
- Anti-hair drainage system effectively prevents fur buildup, maintaining water cleanliness.
- Replaceable activated carbon filters ensure ongoing removal of impurities, odors, and bad tastes with minimal upkeep.
Cons:
- Requires filter replacement every 3 months, which may be an added expense for some users.
- USB charging adapter may limit portability without a power source nearby.
- Designed primarily for small to medium-sized pets, potentially less suitable for larger breeds.
PETLIBRO Smart Cat Water Fountain with App Monitoring (3L/101oz)
For pet owners seeking smart hydration solutions, the PETLIBRO Smart Cat Water Fountain with App Monitoring stands out as an excellent choice. Its 3-liter capacity and stainless steel design reduce refills and guarantee hygiene. The fountain connects via 5G WiFi, allowing me to track my pet’s water intake, favorite drinking times, and hydration trends through a user-friendly app. The pump-free, detachable tank makes cleaning simple, while the four-layer filtration system ensures clean, odor-free water. Plus, the whisper-quiet operation and anti-knockover stainless steel tray keep my cat safe and comfortable. With a 2-year warranty and friendly support, this fountain offers reliable, tech-savvy hydration for my pet.
Best For: pet owners who want a smart, hygienic, and easy-to-maintain hydration solution for their cats and dogs.
Pros:
- Tracks pet water intake and hydration trends via app for proactive health monitoring
- Detachable stainless steel tank and four-layer filtration ensure clean, odor-free water with minimal maintenance
- Whisper-quiet operation and anti-knockover design provide a safe and peaceful environment for pets
Cons:
- Requires a stable 5G WiFi connection for app functionality, which may not be available in all areas
- Larger capacity may not be ideal for very small pets or limited space environments
- Higher price point compared to basic water fountains due to smart features and filtration system
Potaroma Wireless Pet Water Fountain with Large Capacity
If you’re looking for a pet water fountain that combines large capacity with smart features, the Potaroma Wireless Pet Water Fountain stands out. It holds 3.5L of water, enough for cats and small dogs for up to 9 days, reducing frequent refills. Its self-refill system keeps water fresh by discarding stagnant water and replacing it with clean water, while a dual-tank setup separates wastewater from the main reservoir. Made from durable, easy-to-clean materials, it operates quietly and includes a rechargeable Type-C battery that can last up to 180 days. Overall, it’s a convenient, hygienic choice for pet owners who want hassle-free hydration.
Best For: pet owners seeking a large-capacity, hygienic, and hassle-free water fountain for cats and small dogs.
Pros:
- Large 3.5L capacity reduces the need for frequent refills over several days
- Self-refill and dual-tank system ensure consistently fresh and clean water
- Quiet operation and easy cleaning make it suitable for indoor use
Cons:
- Build quality may be flimsy, with parts prone to knocking over or spilling
- Battery life can vary, with some users experiencing rapid drain or malfunction after months
- Assembly parts may be fragile or not snap securely, requiring additional fixes
3.4-Gallon Dog Water Fountain for Large Dogs
Large dogs require more water, and this 3.4-gallon fountain is designed to meet their needs with ease. Its generous capacity can last 10-14 days, reducing the frequency of refills and saving me time. Made from food-grade 304 stainless steel, it’s rust-resistant, easy to clean, and dishwasher safe below 60°C. The wider, deeper tilted tray makes drinking more comfortable and splash-free for big dogs. With a real-time water level window and LED indicator, I can easily monitor water levels. Plus, its quiet operation, multi-layer filtration system, and durable build ensure my large pet stays hydrated with fresh, clean water.
Best For: large dog owners seeking a durable, easy-to-maintain water fountain that provides clean, fresh water for extended periods.
Pros:
- Large 13L (3.4 gallons) capacity reduces the need for frequent refills, lasting 10-14 days.
- Made from food-grade 304 stainless steel, rust-resistant, easy to clean, and dishwasher safe.
- Quiet operation (<25 dB) with multi-layer filtration ensures fresh water and minimal noise disturbance.
Cons:
- Replacement filters are recommended every 2 weeks, which may incur additional maintenance costs.
- The fountain’s size may be less suitable for smaller pets or limited space areas.
- Requires periodic cleaning and filter replacement to maintain optimal performance.
Dog Water Fountain for Large Dogs
A top choice for big dogs and multi-pet households is a water fountain with an extra-large 7L (236oz) capacity. This guarantees large dogs stay hydrated for a week without frequent refills. Its advanced 4-stage filtration system effectively removes fur, heavy metals, and odors, keeping water fresh and healthy. The quiet pump operates at just 25dB, so it won’t disturb sleep, while the deeper bowl provides comfortable drinking for bigger dogs. Made from durable 304 stainless steel, it’s easy to assemble and clean. This fountain supports pet health and convenience, making it an ideal solution for large dogs and multi-pet households.
Best For: Large dogs and multi-pet households seeking a reliable, large-capacity water fountain that promotes pet health and convenience.
Pros:
- Large 7L (236oz) capacity ensures pet hydration for up to a week, reducing refills.
- Advanced 4-stage filtration system effectively removes fur, heavy metals, and odors, keeping water fresh.
- Quiet operation at 25dB and ergonomic design promote peaceful sleep and comfortable drinking.
Cons:
- May be too large for small or single-pet households.
- Requires regular cleaning to maintain filtration efficiency.
- Stainless steel construction, while durable, can be heavier and less portable.
Cat Water Fountain Stainless Steel for Cats and Dogs
For pet owners seeking a durable and hygienic water solution, the Cat Water Fountain Stainless Steel for Cats and Dogs stands out. Made from one-piece 304 stainless steel, it prevents bacteria buildup and withstands high-temperature sterilization. Its heavyweight design keeps it stable, while the compact 74oz capacity is perfect for cats and small dogs, even during absences. The quiet 5V pump, transparent water window, and spill-proof faucet make maintenance easy and convenient. Continuous circulation and effective filtration keep water fresh and appealing. Overall, this fountain combines durability, hygiene, and pet-friendly features, making it an excellent choice for keeping your pets hydrated and healthy.
Best For: pet owners looking for a durable, hygienic, and pet-friendly water fountain ideal for cats and small dogs.
Pros:
- Made of seamless 304 stainless steel for enhanced hygiene and durability.
- Quiet 5V pump and spill-proof faucet ensure peaceful operation and easy maintenance.
- Large 74oz capacity suitable for extended periods, encouraging pets to stay hydrated.
Cons:
- Some users find the blue light unnecessary for water level visibility.
- The fountain may be heavier than plastic alternatives, requiring stable placement.
- Replacement filters are sold separately, adding ongoing maintenance cost.
Kastty 2 Gallon Dog Water Fountain
The Kastty 2 Gallon Dog Water Fountain stands out as an ideal choice for households with multiple pets or larger dogs, thanks to its sizable 2-gallon capacity. Its wide, round spring, and heart-shaped water dish design encourage pets to drink from all sides, promoting better hydration. Made from high-quality, BPA-free ABS resin, it includes a triple filtration system that traps hair, heavy metals, and impurities, ensuring clean water. The ultra-quiet pump, water level indicator, and backup reservoir make it user-friendly. While some users experience noise or maintenance issues, proper cleaning and setup help maintain best performance for your pets’ health.
Best For: households with multiple pets, large dogs, or cats needing a spacious and easy-to-maintain water fountain.
Pros:
- Large 2-gallon capacity suitable for multi-pet households and larger breeds.
- Triple filtration system ensures clean, safe water by trapping hair, heavy metals, and impurities.
- Quiet pump with water level indicator and backup reservoir enhances user convenience and pet health.
Cons:
- Some users report noise issues or pump failure over time requiring maintenance.
- Filters may need frequent replacing or rinsing to maintain optimal performance.
- Proper assembly and regular cleaning are essential; improper setup can cause water flow problems.
Cat Water Fountain with App Monitoring & 3L Capacity
Ideal for cat owners seeking convenience and peace of mind, this water fountain combines app monitoring with a 3-liter capacity to keep your pet’s water fresh and accessible. Its innovative clean and wastewater separation system prevents contaminated recirculation, ensuring your cat always has fresh water. No filter cotton is needed—just a reusable sponge that catches hair and debris, which is easy to clean. With app connectivity, you can remotely check water levels, customize schedules, and receive instant notifications. The dual power options—plug-in or rechargeable battery—provide flexibility, and the whisper-quiet operation creates a calm environment. It’s perfect for indoor use and small pets.
Best For: Cat owners who want a convenient, smart water solution with remote monitoring and a large capacity to keep their pets well-hydrated indoors.
Pros:
- App connectivity allows remote water level checks, scheduling, and instant notifications for peace of mind.
- Innovative clean and wastewater separation system ensures fresh water without the need for filter cotton.
- Dual power options (plug-in and rechargeable battery) provide flexibility and uninterrupted water supply.
Cons:
- Not suitable for large dogs due to its small size and intended design for cats and small pets.
- Main unit is not washable, requiring careful cleaning of detachable parts.
- App functions require plugging in the device, so remote control is limited when operating on battery mode.
Cat Water Fountain Stainless Steel, Automatic Water Dispenser with Water Level Window
A stainless steel design combined with a convenient water level window makes this automatic water dispenser perfect for pet owners who prioritize durability and easy monitoring. Made of high-grade 304 stainless steel, it’s rust-proof, dishwasher-safe, and promotes water cleanliness and pet safety. The water level window helps you keep track of hydration needs effortlessly. Its dual stream mimics natural flowing water, encouraging pets to drink more, supporting hydration and urinary health. With an advanced 4-stage filtration system, quiet operation, and a 108oz capacity, it’s ideal for home or travel, ensuring your cat always has access to fresh, oxygenated water.
Best For: pet owners seeking a durable, easy-to-monitor water dispenser that encourages hydration and promotes urinary health for their cats.
Pros:
- Made of high-grade 304 stainless steel, rust-proof, dishwasher-safe, and safe for pets.
- Equipped with a water level window for effortless monitoring.
- Features a dual stream design with advanced 4-stage filtration to promote fresh, oxygenated water and encourage drinking.
Cons:
- Slightly heavier than plastic alternatives, which may affect portability.
- Requires regular replacement of the filtration system for optimal performance.
- May be more expensive than basic plastic water dispensers.
MISFANS Cat Water Fountain with Copper Faucet and Filters
For cat owners seeking both style and functionality, MISFANS Cat Water Fountain with Copper Faucet and Filters stands out as an excellent choice. Its sleek, modern design features a 71oz capacity, perfect for multiple cats, and is made from durable, chlorine-resistant brass alloy that maintains its polished look over time. The built-in blue LED light makes nighttime water location easy, while the copper faucet adds a touch of elegance. The fountain’s advanced dual-chamber filtration system guarantees fresh, clean water by removing debris and softening water with coconut shell carbon. Easy to clean and maintain, it’s a stylish and practical solution for promoting healthy hydration.
Best For: multi-cat households and pet owners seeking a stylish, easy-to-maintain fountain that promotes healthy hydration with modern design and effective filtration.
Pros:
- Durable, chlorine-resistant brass alloy construction maintains polished appearance over time
- Advanced dual-chamber filtration system ensures fresh, clean water and easy filter replacement weekly
- Modern design with built-in blue LED light and copper faucet adds aesthetic appeal and nighttime visibility
Cons:
- Requires weekly filter replacement to maintain optimal performance, which may be frequent for some users
- Slightly larger size may not suit very small spaces or minimalistic decor
- The initial setup and disassembly, while simple, may still require careful attention for first-time users
PETLIBRO Cat Water Fountain with App Monitoring and 2.5L Capacity
The PETLIBRO Cat Water Fountain stands out with its app monitoring feature, making it perfect for busy pet owners who want to stay on top of their cat’s hydration. Its 2.5L stainless steel tray is durable, easy to clean, and helps prevent cat acne. The quiet pump and BPA-free materials guarantee safe, fresh water with minimal noise—just 23dB. The app tracks hydration goals, drinking habits, and water levels, sending alerts to prevent dehydration. Easy to refill and maintain, it’s designed for indoor use, supporting only 2.4GHz Wi-Fi. Overall, it offers a sleek, functional solution for ensuring your cat stays well-hydrated effortlessly.
Best For: busy cat owners who want to ensure their pet stays well-hydrated with minimal effort and real-time monitoring.
Pros:
- App tracking hydration, drinking habits, and water levels for easy health management
- Quiet operation (23dB) and durable, easy-to-clean stainless steel tray
- Automatic water level alerts and reminders help prevent dehydration and simplify maintenance
Cons:
- Supports only 2.4GHz Wi-Fi networks, limiting connectivity options
- Requires careful handling during filter replacement and cover removal to avoid damage
- Some users report discrepancies between app data and actual water intake due to network or scale issues
Dog Water Fountain for Large Dogs
Large dogs require a water fountain that can keep up with their drinking needs without frequent refills, making this model an excellent choice. Crafted from durable, rust-proof 304 stainless steel, it ensures hygienic, clean water and prevents issues like chin blackening. With a generous 7-liter capacity, it’s perfect for big dogs and multi-pet households, and the transparent water level window makes monitoring easy. Its quiet operation and 4-stage filtration system deliver fresh, healthy water without disturbing your household. Designed for convenience, it’s simple to install and clean, with accessible replacement parts. Overall, this fountain provides reliable hydration and peace of mind for pet owners.
Best For: Large dogs and multi-pet households seeking a hygienic, reliable, and quiet water source.
Pros:
- Made from durable, rust-proof 304 stainless steel for hygiene and longevity
- Large 7-liter capacity reduces frequent refills, ideal for big dogs
- Quiet operation at approximately 25 dB ensures undisturbed rest and work
Cons:
- May be heavier and less portable due to its stainless steel construction and size
- Requires regular cleaning and filter replacement for optimal performance
- Higher initial cost compared to plastic fountains
Wireless Cat Water Fountain with Stainless Steel Tray, Battery Operated Pet Water Dispenser
A wireless cat water fountain with a stainless steel tray offers unmatched convenience and safety for busy pet owners. Its cordless design eliminates the risk of wire-chewing and makes placement flexible. With a large 3L capacity, it reduces frequent refills, perfect for power outages or short trips. Made of durable ABS plastic and hygienic stainless steel, it’s easy to sterilize and odor-free. The multi-layer filtration ensures clean, oxygen-rich water, enticing cats to hydrate. Quiet operation at ≤25dB and simple maintenance make it ideal for indoor use. With up to 60 days of battery life in timer mode, it’s a reliable, user-friendly choice for keeping your feline hydrated.
Best For: busy pet owners seeking a safe, hygienic, and convenient water fountain to keep their cats well-hydrated indoors.
Pros:
- Wireless, cordless design enhances safety and placement flexibility
- Large 3L capacity reduces frequent refills and is suitable for power outages
- Made of durable, hygienic materials (ABS plastic and stainless steel) that are easy to clean
Cons:
- Some users may find initial setup or filter replacement slightly time-consuming
- Battery life can vary; some pets may need time to adapt to motion sensing activation
- Occasional reports of charging issues, requiring careful handling of the charging cable
Factors to Consider When Choosing Premium Automatic Pet Water Fountains
When selecting a premium automatic pet water fountain, I focus on key factors like material safety, water capacity, and filtration quality to guarantee my pet’s health. I also consider how noisy it is during operation and how easy it is to clean and maintain. These points help me choose a fountain that’s reliable, safe, and user-friendly for both me and my pet.
Material Durability and Safety
Choosing a premium automatic pet water fountain means paying close attention to the materials used, as they directly impact durability and safety. High-quality materials like stainless steel and BPA-free plastic are ideal because they withstand daily use and resist damage such as cracking or chipping. Stainless steel models are resistant to rust, corrosion, and bacterial buildup, making them hygienic and long-lasting. BPA-free plastics prevent harmful chemicals from leaching into the water, protecting your pet’s health. Additionally, the durability of these materials allows for safe sterilization at high temperatures, ensuring cleanliness. Selecting a fountain built with sturdy, non-toxic materials reduces the risk of contamination and equipment failure over time, giving you peace of mind that your pet’s hydration source is both safe and reliable.
Water Capacity and Accessibility
Ensuring your pet always has access to fresh water means paying close attention to the fountain’s capacity and design. A larger water capacity means fewer refills, so your pet can enjoy clean water over several days without constant attention. Features like water level windows and LED indicators make it easy to monitor levels without opening the unit, ensuring you never run out unexpectedly. Accessibility is equally important; elevated dishes or wide, ergonomic designs help pets of all sizes and mobility levels drink comfortably. Proper placement and spill-proof features maintain a clean environment and prevent water waste. Additionally, multiple flow modes and adjustable settings can attract pets to drink more, promoting better hydration and overall health.
Filtration and Water Quality
A top-quality pet water fountain relies on effective multi-stage filtration systems to keep water clean and appealing. These systems often include activated carbon, silver ions, or scale inhibitors to remove impurities, odors, and contaminants. Proper filtration improves water taste and smell, encouraging pets to drink more and stay hydrated. Regularly replacing filters—usually every 2 to 4 weeks—is vital to maintaining water quality and preventing bacterial growth. Choosing materials like stainless steel or BPA-free plastic reduces the risk of chemical leaching and bacterial buildup. Advanced filtration helps prevent mineral deposits, slime, and foul odors, ensuring your pet always has access to safe, fresh water. Prioritizing filtration quality is essential for your pet’s health and ongoing hydration.
Noise Level and Operation
Since pets can be easily disturbed by loud noises, paying attention to the fountain’s noise level is essential when selecting an automatic water dispenser. A quiet operation at or below 28dB helps prevent pets from being startled during rest or sleep. Pumps with noise levels under 25dB often mimic natural water sounds, encouraging pets to drink more comfortably. Ultrasonic or low-voltage pumps tend to operate more silently compared to older or lower-quality models, making them ideal for sensitive pets. Keep in mind that noise can increase if filters are clogged or improperly installed, so regular maintenance is vital. Silent or near-silent fountains are especially beneficial in bedrooms or quiet environments, reducing pet anxiety and ensuring a peaceful household.
Maintenance and Ease of Use
Choosing a pet water fountain that’s easy to maintain can save you time and keep your pet healthy. Look for models with simple disassembly features that require no tools, making cleaning quick and hygienic. Devices with replaceable filters or reusable components make maintenance straightforward; just check recommended intervals, usually every 2-4 weeks. Water level indicators or windows help you monitor water without opening the unit, preventing spills and ensuring fresh hydration. Opt for fountains that operate quietly—below 30dB—to avoid disturbing your pet and encourage regular drinking. Additionally, easy-to-follow instructions or app-guided maintenance can reduce errors and extend the product’s lifespan. Prioritizing these ease-of-use factors ensures your pet stays well-hydrated with minimal effort on your part.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Often Should Filters Be Replaced in These Fountains?
I recommend replacing the filters in these fountains every 2 to 4 weeks, depending on your pet’s usage and water quality. I check mine regularly to guarantee the water stays fresh and clean. If you notice any bad odors or decreased water flow, it’s a sign to change the filter sooner. Regular replacement helps keep my pet hydrated with safe, filtered water and maintains the fountain’s ideal performance.
Are These Fountains Suitable for Multiple Pets Simultaneously?
Think of these fountains as busy city squares—perfectly suited for multiple pets at once. I’ve found they work great for households with several animals, offering enough fresh, filtered water to keep everyone happy and healthy. The design encourages sharing without competition, making hydration easy for all. So, yes, these fountains are ideal for multiple pets, ensuring each one gets the water they need without fuss.
What Is the Typical Lifespan of the Water Pumps?
The typical lifespan of the water pumps in these fountains is around 6 to 12 months, depending on usage and maintenance. I recommend regularly cleaning the pump and replacing it as needed to guarantee peak performance. When I keep up with maintenance, I find the pumps last longer. Investing in a high-quality pump can also extend its lifespan, giving you more value and peace of mind.
Do These Fountains Operate Quietly During Use?
Ever wondered if these fountains stay quiet while running? I can tell you, they generally operate very quietly, making them perfect for homes. Most premium fountains feature noise-reducing designs and quiet pumps, so your pets can enjoy fresh water without disturbing your peace. I’ve noticed that with proper maintenance, the noise level remains minimal, allowing you to relax while your furry friends hydrate comfortably and discreetly.
Are Replacement Parts Readily Available for Maintenance?
Yes, replacement parts are generally easy to find for these fountains. I’ve found that most brands offer spare filters, pumps, and other components either directly through their websites or at pet supply stores. This makes maintenance straightforward and guarantees my pet always has access to fresh water. I recommend checking the manufacturer’s website first, as they often provide detailed guides and compatible parts to keep your fountain functioning smoothly.
Conclusion
Choosing the right premium water fountain can truly elevate your pet’s hydration routine, making it feel like a luxury they deserve. With so many stylish and functional options, you’re sure to find one that seamlessly fits into your home and keeps your furry friend happily refreshed. After all, a little extra care and thought can turn everyday watering into a delightful experience—because your pet’s well-being is worth it.
